Electrical Network Protection Guide (Merlin Gerin)

Electric Grid

Contents of the technical guide:

Power-system architecture

Selection criteria

Examples of architectures

Neutral earthing

Five neutral earthing systems

Isolated neutral

Resistance earthing

Low reactance earthing

Compensation reactance earthing

Solidly earthed neutral

Short-circuit currents

Introduction to short-circuits

Types of short-circuit

Short-circuit across generator terminals

Calculation of short-circuit currents

Equipment behaviour during short-circuits

A New HVDC connection between Estonia and Finland

Siemens Energy is building the converter stations in Püssi, Estonia, and Anttila, Finland, for the new high-voltage DC (HVDC) connection between the two countries (“EstLink 2”). The system, with a transmission capacity of 650 megawatts at a DC voltage of ± 450 kilovolts, will increase the capacity for transmission between the Baltic and Nordic countries from 350 MW to 1000 MW. It will also make the power supply more reliable. The output between the two stations will travel over a 14-kilometer overhead line, a 145-kilometer submarine cable across the Gulf of Finland, and a 12-kilometer land cable. The customers are the Fingrid power utility in Helsinki and the Estonian power network operator Elering, in Tallinn. The total order value for the project, which is being partially funded by the EU, is EUR 320 million, and Siemens’ share is about EUR 100 million. The converter stations are planned to go into operation early in 2014.

A New HVDC link between France and Spain, as part of the Trans-European Network

Siemens Energy is currently erecting the power converter stations for a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission link between Baixas, to the west of Perpignan in France, and Santa Llogaia, south-west of Figueras in Spain, as important components of the Trans-European Network for electrical power. The installation can transmit a rated power of 2000 megawatts (MW) – enough to transport large amounts of electric power with a minimum of transmission losses. The stations use the new HVDC technology HVDC Plus with a transmission voltage of ±320 kilovolts (kV). The distance between the two converter stations is around 65 kilometers. The power will be transmitted through cables placed underground, in trenches and in a tunnel under the Pyrenees Mountains for some eight kilometers. The purchaser is Inelfe (Interconnecteur Electrique France-Espagne), a project joint venture between the grid operators Réseau de Transport d'Electricité (RTE), Paris, and Red Eléctrica de España (REE), Madrid. The order booked by Siemens accounts for just under half of the total project value of around EUR700 million. The project is partly funded by the EU and is scheduled for commissioning in late 2013.

Vacant academic positions :Tenure-Track Assistant/Associate/Full Professor - Electrical Engineering ( UML - USA)

Institution:	University of Massachusetts Lowell
Location:	Lowell, MA
Category:	Faculty - Engineering - Electrical
Posted:	01/16/2011
Application Due:	Open Until Filled
Type:	Full Time

General Summary of Position: The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell invites applications for a tenure-track faculty position in Electrical Engineering. Outstanding candidates with a proven track record of independent funding and publications will be considered at the Associate or Full Professor level. We are seeking to fill research and teaching needs in one or more of the following areas: energy and power systems (including smart grid technologies, materials related to energy), biomedical engineering, MEMS, RF/microwave devices and antennas, sensors and electromagnetic research.

Vacant academic positions : Instructor, Energy/Power and Sustainability (Joliet Junior College - USA)

Institution:	Joliet Junior College
Location:	Joliet, IL
Category:	Faculty - Engineering - Electrical Faculty - Engineering - Mechanical
Posted:	01/14/2011
Application Due:	02/25/2011
Type:	Full Time

Posting Number: 0600608

POSITION: INSTRUCTOR, ENERGY, POWER
AND SUSTAINABILITY
Tenure Track
(Pending Board Approval)

Online Courses: Energy Resources and Technology ( NPTEL - INDIA)

Description: Lecture Series on Energy Resources and Technology by Prof.S.Banerjee,Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur.
40 videos

1. Total length: 36 hours

Graduate Scholarships for fall 2011 (Masdar Institute in Abu Dhabi - UAE)

Masdar Institute Graduate Scholarship (for all nationalities to study at Masdar Institute in Abu Dhabi)

Full scholarship is available to qualified talented students who meet Masdar Institute's high admission standards. The requirements are as follows:

1. A relevant undergraduate degree
Undergraduate degrees must be in the fields of science, engineering, or information technology

2. High CGPA from a recognized university
The minimum CGPA for consideration of admissions is 3.0 on a scale of 4.0

3. High GRE scores
The minimum score required on the GRE Quantitative for consideration of admissions is 700.
There is no cut-off score for the Verbal and Analytical but these scores are also important and evaluated. The GRE exam cannot be waived. 

Video Collections on Basics of Electricity (4)

Videos produced by the Armed Forces and the Pentagon

1- FREQUENCY MODULATION - PART I - BASIC PRINCIPLES

2- BASIC AMPLIFIERS

Video Collections on Basics of Electricity (3)

These videos are produced by the Armed Forces and the Pentagon

1- SERIES RC CIRCUITS

2- INTRODUCTION TO LC OSCILLATORS

Video Collections on Basics of Electricity (2)

These videos are produced by the Armed Forces and the Pentagon:

1- TROUBLESHOOTING ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

2-  PARALLEL RESISTIVE CIRCUITS - ANALYSIS

Video Collections on Basics of Electricity (1)

These videos produced by the Armed Forces and the Pentagon

1- Basic principles of electric voltage

2- Basic principles of electric current

Vacant academic positions : Assistant/Associate/Full Professor (Stony Brook University - USA)

Institution:	Stony Brook University
Location:	Stony Brook, NY
Category:	Faculty - Engineering - Electrical Faculty - Engineering - Computer Engineering
Posted:	01/10/2011
Type:	Full Time

Campus Description: Stony Brook University, home to many highly ranked graduate research programs, is located 60 miles from New York City on Long Island's scenic North Shore. Our 1,100-acre campus is home to 24,000 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students and more than 13,500 faculty and staff, including those employed at Stony Brook University Medical Center, Suffolk County's only academic medical center and tertiary care provider. The University is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities and co-manager of nearby Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), a multidisciplinary research laboratory supporting world class scientific programs utilizing state-of-the-art facilities such as the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, the National Synchrotron Light Source, and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, and the NewYorkBlue IBM BG/L+P supercomputer, owned by Stony Brook and managed by BNL. Stony Brook is a partner in managing the Laboratory for the Department of Energy, and is the largest institutional scientific user of BNL facilities. As such, many opportunities exist for collaborative research, and in some cases, joint appointments can be arranged.

Budget Title: same as above

Useful tables containing typical constants of power apparatus

Table contents:

Typical constants of three-phase synchronous machines 

Transformer Standard Base Power Ratings

Transformer Impedances 

Classes of Transformer Cooling Systems

Typical Transmission Line Characteristics at 60 Hz 

Online Courses: Network Analysis & Simulation ( UBC - Canada)

Course Objectives
The course provides the background to understand the principles, capabilities, and limitations of circuit design programs like SPICE for electronic circuits and the EMTP for power systems. Topics include the discretization of differential equations, selection of step size Delta-t, solution bandwidth, numerical oscillations, propagation in transmission lines, frequency dependence, nonlinear elements, and network equivalents.
Course evaluation is based on project assignments. Typically eight or nine assignments are given during the term. In the assignments, the students are asked to write their own computer programs to solve cases illustrating the techniques discussed in the lectures. The students are asked to compare the results of their programs with those obtained running the MicroTran^(R) software (EMTP). A limited version of MicroTran will be available to the students.

2 PhD Studentship ( Aston University - UK )

Ref No. R100309

School of Engineering and Applied Science

ESPRC PhD Studentship (3 Years)

Power Electronic Converters for Smart Grid LV Networks 

Applications are invited for a three year PhD studentship, supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) to be undertaken within the Power Engineering and Power Electronics Grouphttp://www1.aston.ac.uk/eas/research/groups/pepe/ at Aston University.  The successful applicant will join an established experimental group working on Power Electronic Converters for Electrical Power Systems.  The studentship is offered in collaboration with Central Networks, the electricity distribution business for E.ON UK.

The position is available to start as soon as possible (subject to negotiation)

Financial Support

Will be provided to Home/EU students (subject to eligibility) at the rate of £16,000 pa (this figure includes a stipend from the collaborating company).

 Background of the Project

Vacant academic positions : Lectureship in Power Engineering ( Aston University - UK )

£31,671 to £43,840, exceptionally to £47,905 p.a.

In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, Aston University’s School of Engineering and Applied Science was praised for its substantial submission with a well-articulated strategy.

This appointment will strengthen the expanding research activities of the Power Engineering and Power Electronics Research Group and continue the growth of innovative, employer-led teaching in power engineering and allied subjects at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the Electronic Engineering Group.  We are intending to appoint a Professor and an additional Lecturer to develop further our research in Power Engineering and Power Electronics.  Areas of particular interest include: power distribution and transmission systems, FACTS or HVDC technology, smart grids, power electronics applications for the electricity supply industry, transportation and demand side management.

Vacant academic positions : Chair in Power Engineering ( Aston University - UK )

Professorial salaries are negotiable 

In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, Aston University’s School of Engineering and Applied Science was praised for its substantial submission with a well-articulated strategy.

This appointment will strengthen the expanding research activities of the Power Engineering and Power Electronics Research Group and continue the growth of innovative, employer-led teaching in power engineering and allied subjects at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the Electronic Engineering Group.  We are intending to appoint a Professor and an additional Lecturer to develop further our research in Power Engineering and Power Electronics.  Areas of particular interest include: power distribution and transmission systems, FACTS or HVDC technology, smart grids, power electronics applications for the electricity supply industry, transportation and demand side management.

Postdoctoral Fellow, Alternative Energy & Power Systems (Union College - USA)

Institution:	Union College - Schenectady, NY
Location:	Schenectady, NY
Category:	Admin - Laboratory and Research Faculty - Engineering - Electrical Faculty - Engineering - Computer Engineering
Posted:	12/03/2010
Application Due:	Open Until Filled
Type:	Full Time

Union College, Postdoctoral Fellow, Alternative Energy and Power Systems. The Environmental Science, Policy, and Engineering Program (ESPE) and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering invite applications for a two-year Postdoctoral Fellow position, beginning Fall 2011. The successful applicant will join a Mellon Foundation-funded multidisciplinary team that is fostering connections between ECE and ESPE. A PhD in Electrical or Computer Engineering is required. Preference will be given to candidates with expertise in alternative energy and its integration into the grid, power electronics and drives, and power systems analysis and design. The Fellow will conduct research, co-teach introductory and capstone courses that engage interdisciplinary ESPE teams on a problem related to energy, and teach an ECE advanced technical elective. Union College is a small, highly selective liberal arts and engineering college in New York State's Capital Region, three hours from New York City and Boston. It emphasizes undergraduate research, multidisciplinary teaching and close collaboration between faculty and students. Further information about the department can be found at our website: http://ece.union.edu.

Vacant academic positions : Assistant Professor, Power and Energy Engineering ( USF - USA)

Posting Title:

Assistant Professor, Power and Energy Engineering  

Department Number/Name:

8-2106-000 Electrical Engineering  

College/Division:

Technology & Innovation  

Location of Position/Campus:

USF Polytechnic  

Other Work Location

 

Salary Plan:

Faculty  

Hiring Salary/Salary Range:

Competitive; commensurate with rank, qualifications, and experience.  

Duties:

The University of South Florida Polytechnic is seeking nominations and applications for the position of Assistant Professor, Power and Energy Engineering. At the heart of Florida's High Tech Corridor, the University of South Florida is building the state's first and only polytechnic. The youngest campus of the University of South Florida System, USF Polytechnic has shattered fund-raising records and enjoyed dramatic support from public and private sectors. Located within 100 miles of 8.5 million people, USF Polytechnic's new campus, being designed by internationally acclaimed architect Santiago Calatrava, will transform our region and how people think, learn and live. 

Duties:

Responsibilities include teaching undergraduate and/or master's level courses; engaging in applied research and efforts to secure external funding; participating in programmatic, college and university committees/councils as appropriate; engaging in professional and community service.  

Vacant academic positions : Assistant Professor for ELECTRICAL ENG & COMPUTER SCIENCE DEP. ( Texas A&M University - USA)

Position Information

Job Title Assistant Professor - 11-018   Department ELEN - ELECTRICAL ENG & COMPUTER SCIENCE   Job Open Date 01-06-2011   Job Close Date Open Until Filled Salary Commensurate with qualifications   Status Full-Time   Job Summary The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Texas A&M University-Kingsville invites applications for a tenure track faculty position in Electrical Engineering at the rank of assistant professor beginning Fall 2011.   Job Responsibilities The successful applicant will teach undergraduate and graduate courses, supervise graduate students and develop funded research programs.   Minimum Qualifications The applicant must have a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from a regionally accredited institution or university by the time of the appointment. The department is particularly interested in candidates with strong background in control systems and applications, broad lecture and laboratory teaching experience, balanced research, service and outreach activities including receiving external grants, project management, K-12 outreach, and ABET accreditation. Finalists must have 18 graduate hours for every field in which they will teach.